Electrochemical Behavior and Electronucleation of Copper Nanoparticles from CuCl2·2H2O Using a Choline Chloride-Urea Eutectic Mixture

This work presents a thorough study on the early stage of copper electrodeposition from choline chloride-urea deep eutectic solvent (DES). Determination possible species in DES containing Cu2+ ions as electrolytes has been performed using UV-Vis measurements. Kinetic and thermodynamic aspects glassy carbon electrode were thoroughly investigated cyclic voltammetry (CV) chronoamperometry (CA). Both results CA CV have demonstrated that could be directly small amount water by single potentiostatic step technique. Theoretical approach confirmed direct electronucleation nanoparticles can described model with two contributions, namely, (i) adsorption process (ii) three-dimensional (3D) nucleation diffusion-controlled growth nuclei, to total current density transients. parameters are important for controlling morphology chemical composition obtained nanoparticles, which verified surface characterization techniques such SEM EDS.